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land ethic
A Land ethic is a philosophy that seeks to guide the actions when humans use or make changes to the land. The term was coined by Aldo Leopold (1887–1948) in his book ''A Sand County Almanac'' (1949). He wrote that there is a need for a "new ethic", an "ethic dealing with human's relation to land and to the animals and plants which grow upon it".〔Leopold, A. 1949. ''A Sand County Almanac''. Oxford University Press, New York.〕 Although Leopold is credited with coining this term, specific land ethics were in place prior to his writing ''Sand County Almanac.'' For example, Leopold himself defines and argues against an economic land ethic.
==Aldo Leopold's land ethic==
Aldo Leopold proposes that the next step in the evolution of ethics is the expansion of ethics to include nonhuman members of the biotic community,〔 collectively referred to as "the land." Leopold states the basic principle of his land ethic as, "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise."
He also describes it in this way: "The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land...() land ethic changes the role of ''Homo sapiens'' from conqueror of the land-community to plain member and citizen of it. It implies respect for his fellow-members, and also respect for the community as such."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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